2. The Bronze Age Collapse - Mediterranean Apocalypse
Video Overview & Insights
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1:00:15 - proof yet again that this area is rightful European clay (cue the flame war)...
Sometime around the year 1100 BC, right at the end of the Bronze Age, a wave of destruction washed over the Eastern Mediterranean. It wiped whole civilizations off the map, and left only ash and ruin in its wake.
This catastrophe, known as âthe Late Bronze Age Collapseâ, has become one of the enduring puzzles of archaeology. I want to explore how so many societies could collapse all at once, and seemingly without warning, as well as examine the lessons it might teach us in our increasingly globalised and interconnected world.
âOur age of bronze is collapsing.â
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Now we know it was all Matt Damon's fault
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Every civilization leaves behind a legacy. Some leave monuments, others leave lessons, but all leave stories worth remembering.
Credits:
Voice Actors:
Six years on and this is still the episode I send people. The refusal to pin it on one cause is what makes it work â the Sea Peoples, the drought, the iron, the trade dependency only make sense as a system failing all at once.
Shem Jacobs
Jacob Rollinson
That simple piano piece lives in my head.
Jake Barrett-Mills
Bryan Tshiobi
They are the decendants of Seth. If you believe they are evil, then you have been raised by the devil. How ironic.
Helena Bacon
Music by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
This is just a laughable retrofitting of a climate change apocalypse tale to moralize about modern climate change. Climate change in the bronze Age meant tiny changes to the climate but The brittle nature of their food supply and trade networks constrained by such narrowly focused agricultural output, they couldn't withstand even small changes to the climate. And climate change didn't affect all of the empires, it was one of the causes for the Hittites and the mycenaeans but not even close to the main cause for the overall collapse of the entire Mediterranean basin.
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-freâŠisrc=USUAN1100209
Artist: incompetech.com/
Who's here after The Odyssey?!?
Title theme: Home At Last by John Bartmann. https://johnbartmann.com/
Chapters:
History repeating. Different time, similar conditions. â ïž
0:00 - Intro: The Ruins of Hattusa
2:30 - The Mysterious Wave of Destruction
Thank you for your work and incredible content. Hopefully you will continue to produce new content again.
3:37 - Introduction and Welcome
5:53 - The Iliad, Odyssey, and The City of Troy
Every nation that fell.. gathered more sea peoples.. Survivors had no choice.. Domino effect..
11:38 - Mediterranean Civilizations
13:05 - Trade between City States
It was fragile global economy that had never seen a natural disaster. We know from this study.. If a nation falls expect sea peoples..
15:00 - Bronze
18:16 - The two main sources of information from this era
Hey,, you are correct.. If Aliens attacked.. It might be our fellow humans that take us out as we tried to rebuild.. It's happened.. in the past.
20:02 - First Theory of Decline: The Sea Peoples
21:50 - Ugarit
Most of these ramses II, I, and III "facts" are wrong.
30:51 - Egypt and Ramses III
42:00 - The Decline of Mycenae, Hattusa, Elam, Babylon
The new Odyssey movie is so off base the originsl.poem as if it's a modern comic book retelling in modern view rather than a historical narrative of a glorious mythic time in human history which we can all relate to. The actors even saud they had no idea of the story before being cast. The Period of the Sea people is not well known and is fascinating . The Egyptian pharaohs record the invasion of hordes of these feral armies which they were able to repel to live to tell the tale.
44:35 - Babylon
48:08 - Second Theory: The Growth of Iron Use
im done. 30min of content crammed into 60min broadcast. snide anti-american jibes. flaccid history so typical of this woke era. ugh.
50:30 - Final Theory: Climate Change
53:15 - Eruption of Hekla 3
In the age of A.I Slop, this is a breath of fresh air. Thank you for the amazing work.
56:35 - An Alternative View of the Sea Peoples
1:00:21 - Closing Thoughts
Vast volcanic eruption in Iceland caused droughts, which caused starvation and migration and ultimately civil unrest. The Sea Peoples were not in large enough numbers to wipe out 70%+ of some populations. First to fall were the princely city states as populations rose up to over throw their liege lords and break the bonds of serfdom. Egypt defeated the sea peoples. Westward migration of the urn peoples and others from the anetolean Balkanâs drove many into the mountains. Trade ended very quickly and that crippled wealth and those societies who thrived on imported food and arms.
Sources:
Baker, Andy; et al. (1995). âThe Hekla 3 volcanic eruption recorded in a Scottish speleothem?â. The Holocene. 5 (3): 336â342. doi:10.1177/095968369500500309
Utterly fascinating.
Bell, Carol. The merchants of Ugarit: oligarchs of the Late Bronze Age trade in metals? EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN METALLURGY AND METALWORK, 180. 2012.
Bietak, Manfred. âMinoan Presence in the Pharaonic Naval Base of âPeru-Nefer.ââ British School at Athens Studies, vol. 18, 2010, pp. 11â24. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23276759. Accessed 10 July 2023.
58:15 I feel, moving to the "sea" was the logical step if the land wasn't yielding crops. After all, they could still fish for food. On land, they probably already slaughtered their livestock for food, as there was not enough feed to keep a large enough number cattle. Or... it was everyone for themselves and people who had cattle lost it to raiders.
Breated, James Henry. Ancient Records of Egypt: The twentieth to the twenty-sixth dynasties. United States, University of Illinois Press, 2001.
Bryce, Trevor, and Bryce, Trevor Robert. The kingdom of the Hittites. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2005.
The dictators of China and Russia would join the invaders to burn down the free world.
---------- Warriors of Anatolia: A Concise History of the Hittites. United Kingdom, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.
Cemal Pulak, The Uluburun shipwreck: an overview. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Volume 27, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 188-224,ISSN 1057-2414, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-2414(98)80031-9.
Ok, so what precipitated the bronze collapse? Iâve heard that the volcanic eruption of what we today call San Torinni
Cline, Eric H.. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilisation Collapsed. United Kingdom, Princeton University Press, 2014.
Cohen, Yoram. The âHunger Yearsâ and the âSea Peoplesâ: Preliminary Observations on the Recently Published Letters from the âHouse of Urtenuâ Archive at Ugarit. 2021, SBL: Atlanta.
So basically the bronze age collapse is the actual first world war.
Collapse and Transformation: The Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age in the Aegean. United Kingdom, Oxbow Books, 2020.
Collins, Billie Jean. The Hittites and Their World. United States, SBL Press, 2007.
Ive listened to this many times ...its a stunning feast for the ears ...you bring history to life ...thank you â€
Drews, Robert. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe Ca. 1200 B.C. - Third Edition. United Kingdom, Princeton University Press, 1993.
Grattan; Gilbertson (2000). âPrehistoric 'settlement crisis', environmental changes in the British Isles, and volcanic eruptions in Iceland: An explorarion of plausible linkagesâ.
EstĂĄ en ingles
Historical Records of Ramesses III.: The Texts in Medinet Habu Volumes I and II. United States, University of Chicago Press, 1936.
Homerus. The Iliad, rendered into Engl. blank verse, by Edward earl of Derby. To which are appended translations of poems ancient and modern. United Kingdom, n.p, 1867.
Leave out the politics
Megadrought and Collapse: From Early Agriculture to Angkor. United States, Oxford University Press, 2017.
Nougayrol, Jean; Laroche, Emmanuel; Virolleaud, Charles (1968). Ugaritica. V: nouveaux textes accadiens, hourrites et ugaritiques des archives et bibliothÚques privées d'Ugarit. Stony Brook University.
Something you didn't mention is that bronze objects found in the nordics have been materially identified to have come from the mediterranean. (The metal was mined there.) That means that even back then, the nordics were traveling down into the mediterranean to receive metal, probably in exchange for amber.
Pritchard, James B., editor. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement. Princeton University Press, 1978. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt19wccw4. Accessed 10 July 2023.
Tainter, Joseph. The Collapse of Complex Societies. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
"The Pharaoh of the Bible"! đ You just lost SO much credibility with that one sentence.
Yon, Marguerite. The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra. United States, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.
I love your channel and all the episodes I have watched until now. I just wonder why you keep mentioning the name âTurkeyâ when referring to the area of modern day Turkey in antiquity and prehistoric times, when the correct historic and archaeological term is Anatolia (or less frequently used, Asia Minor)
More User Perspectives
I love your channel and all the episodes I have watched until now. I just wonder why you keep mentioning the name âTurkeyâ when referring to the area of modern day Turkey in antiquity and prehistoric times, when the correct historic and archaeological term is Anatolia (or less frequently used, Asia Minor)
@ArtTavI love your channel and all the episodes I have watched until now. I just wonder why you keep mentioning the name âTurkeyâ when referring to the area of modern day Turkey in antiquity and prehistoric times, when the correct historic and archaeological term is Anatolia (or less frequently, Asia Minor)
@ArtTavI love your channel and all the episodes I have watched until now. I just wonder why you keep mentioning the name âTurkeyâ when referring to the area of modern day Turkey in antiquity and prehistoric times, when the correct historic and archeological term is Anatolia (or less frequently, Asia Minor)
@ArtTavI love your channel and all the episodes I have watched until now. I just wonder why you keep mentioning the name âTurkeyâ when referring to the area of modern day Turkey in antiquity and prehistoric times, when the correct historic and archeological term is Anatolia (or less frequently, Asia Minor)
@ArtTavI love your channel and all the episodes I have watched until now. I just wonder why you keep mentioning the name âTurkeyâ when referring to the area of modern day Turkey in antiquity and prehistoric times, when the correct historic and archeological term is Anatolia (or less frequently, Asia Minor)
@ArtTavIt's sobering how often so-called marauding hordes are actually desperate, starving people just trying to survive.
@RM-g6fMan, the similarity between our modern world and these ancient interconnected civilizations are chilling to the bone, how long until we face the same fate I wonder?
@MS-87879did u just say chinese whispers? i thought u were intelligent
@kawaii-s7vThe sub saharan accent used for the ancient Egyptian pharoh sounds out of place.
@jmaicoIt must be said that the Paleset settling in Gaza does not have a happy, either.
@mirandaaskewPaul Cooper gives us all so much. We must build something large for him and preserve his bloodline.
@ScottyPatelThis series is Hands Down the best media thing that came out of the covid-19 miseries.
@MisteRapaNui-r9heh.... There is no such thing as a Christian Calendar...
@elpelu123Hubris and pride and look at US now. I am crying over America.
@muffin6369I have read everything on the Bronze Age Barry Strauss, Eric Cline and various docs. Just great It is funny that they thought it began with the Greek Classic Age. I love this shipwreck and the two Turkish I think scientists that ran it.
@muffin6369It is scholarly careless and arrogant to ignore the historical record of scripture when exploring past events.
Exodus 17:8, Numbers 21:1-3,21-35, Numbers 31:1-12, Deuteronomy 7:1 & Joshua 3:10 answers the mystery of how destruction fell on multiple nations in a region so suddenly at the same time.
A people literally came out of the sea and utterly destroyed whole nations. These so called "sea people" were the Hebrews (Israel), a previously non-existent nation that suddenly came out of Egypt with a fighting force of 603,550 (Numbers 1:45).
The reason these nations were wiped out is also explicitly stated in Deuteronomy 9:1-5.
0:55 Lions gate, a reference to Sirius and the Dogon?
@scottishcontentcreatorsGreat pod cast but why did Rameses have a Scottish accent
Much better to just read the texts yourself rather than try to make it sound authentic
The Ugarit letter never got sent. The clay only survived because the fire that destroyed the city baked it hard. The disaster preserved its own evidence. That detail alone tells you more about the Bronze Age collapse than any theory about who did it.
@KriosGreeceA beginning, a middle and an end. A first class example of documentary film making allied with the gift of a master storyteller. Hooked and enthralled by this gem of a channel. Thank you Paul.
@CarrollGockley