Jardine-Matheson: How Opium Wars Founded Hong Kong

Jardine Matheson are Scots, HSBC was built by Mr Sutherland also a Scot!

By the late 19th century Chinese domestic opium production challenged and then surpassed imports. The 20th century opened with effective campaigns to suppress domestic farming, and in 1907 the British government signed a treaty to eliminate imports. The fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, however, led to a resurgence in domestic production. The Nationalist Government, provincial governments, the revolutionary base areas of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and the British colonial government of Hong Kong all depended on opium taxes as major sources of revenue, as did the Japanese occupation governments during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).[7][8] Finally, after 1949, the newly-formed government of the People's Republic of China successfully suppressed the widespread growth and use of opium in China.[9]



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Imports of opium into China stood at 200 chests annually in 1729,[1] when the first anti-opium edict was promulgated.[2][3] By the time Chinese authorities reissued the prohibition in starker terms in 1799,[4] the figure had leaped; 4,500 chests were imported in the year 1800.[1] The decade of the 1830s witnessed a rapid rise in opium trade,[5] and by 1838, just before the First Opium War, it had climbed to 40,000 chests.[5] The rise continued on after the Treaty of Nanking (1842) that concluded the war. By 1858 annual imports had risen to 70,000 chests (4,480 long tons (4,550 t)), approximately equivalent to one year's worth of the total global production of opium between 1995 and 2005.[6]



History of opium in China - Wikipedia



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在19世纪晚期，中国国内在林则徐及李鸿章推广自产罂粟花的政策下种植面积超过180万公顷，占世界鸦片总种植面积67%,成为全球最大鸦片出口国,清政府官方统计不含走私数量1860年出口主要国家英国7000公吨、美国1500公吨、法国1000公吨、荷兰500公吨、俄罗斯300公吨、日本250公吨。到20世纪政府开始抑制国内的鸦片产量，英国与中国签订了减少鸦片贸易的条约。1911年清政府被推翻，使得鸦片贸易在中国重新变得活跃，并重新成为政府税收的主要来源。在1949年之后，中华人民共和国和当时的台湾的中华民国政府成功地抑制了鸦片的流通[7][8]，但是新疆及东北区域暗地里依然存在着生产鸦片的活动[9][10]。



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1729年，清朝政府颁布了第一个反鸦片法令[2][3]，当时每年约有200箱鸦片进口到中国[1]。自鸦片传入中国以后，鸦片的进口量随年逐升。1799年中国当局以更加严厉的条件重新颁布禁令[4]时，鸦片的年进口量已达4,500箱[1]。随着19世纪30年代十年间的贸易增速，到1838年，鸦片年进口量攀升至40,000箱[5]。虽然之后1842年的《南京条约》结束了鸦片战争，但并没有在真正意义上结束鸦片贸易。1858年，鸦片在中国每年的进口量已经达到70,000箱（约4,480长吨（4,550公吨）），几乎与2000年全球鸦片产量持平[6]。



中国鸦片史 - 维基百科 - Wikipedia



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Google Translated



特貨 - 維基百科 - Wikipedia



Special goods is the special name for opium in China in the early 20th century [1][2][3][4], which is a kind of drug. Due to its high value, small size and good liquidity, it could be used as hard currency in China before the 1950s.



Starting from the period of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the Chinese Communist Party began to collect opium taxes in some Soviet areas, and the opium trade began sporadically. During China’s Anti-Japanese War, the CCP officially dominated opium cultivation and opium trade to solve the financial crisis. During the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, opium had become an important source of funding. After the CCP was founded, it initially sold opium and opium products to the world through British Hong Kong to obtain foreign exchange, although in theory British Hong Kong did not allow the opium trade. After the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China implemented a comprehensive drug ban in 1952, opium poppy was grown in the name of "medicinal" on the state-owned farms of the Heilongjiang Production and Construction Corps and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. It is estimated that large-scale cultivation was stopped until the early 1980s [5]. Chinese medicine The opium poppies are concentrated in the Gansu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Group Company for cultivation [6][7].



Since the Communist Party of China has publicly declared that opium smoking is prohibited, in its internal information, opium is generally referred to as "special goods", "special products", "local products", "local goods", "local specialties", "soap", etc. [1 ], occasionally the word "opium" appears due to lax review. Generally, you can judge whether "local products", "specialties", and "soap" are special goods based on the volume, value, and mode of transportation of the named goods.



The CCP's opium trade is mainly to solve financial problems, and generally implements a relatively strict "prohibition within the country and sale to the outside world." How this system is implemented is unknown to us; but because of the huge profits, even without documentation, it can be It was determined that there was a lot of domestic sales of opium. During the Republic of China era when opium was rampant, CCP opium was one of the important sources of opium in Kuomintang-controlled areas.



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The significance of special goods trade



The special goods trade is mainly to solve the financial difficulties of the CCP and has a decisive impact on the local finances of the northwest. For example, the Northwest Financial and Economic Office reported at the beginning of 1949: "Due to the barrenness of the Northwest, special goods have been used to support the northwest's finances, stabilize finance, and leverage trade for seven or eight years. Since 1942, this special operation has solved the financial problem. Over the years, imported materials have provided about 70% of the funds for the party, government and military, and supplied 40% to 20% to the market. In the past, most of the bank's foreign exchange also relied on In exchange for its exports, these relatively reduced the people's burden and supported the revolutionary cause. In 1948, in addition to North China's aid, we mainly relied on it to survive the year of financial difficulties. , If this kind of operation is stopped now, it will be a very difficult question what kind of power will be used to turn over trade and support finance in the future." [41]



The CCP is not alone in the problem of drug trafficking under communist regimes. Communist regimes or armed forces such as the Workers’ Party of Korea, the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Communist Party of Myanmar, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia have all targeted drugs when they encountered financial difficulties[42][43][44] .



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特貨 - 維基百科 - Wikipedia



特货，特殊货币的简称。为20世纪初鸦片在中国的特殊称谓[1][2][3][4]，是一种毒品。由于价值高、体积小、流通性好，1950年代前在中国可作为硬通货使用。



从中国工农红军时期开始，中國共產黨在部分苏区开始收鸦片税，零星开始鸦片贸易。到中国抗日战争时期，由中共官方主导鸦片种植与鸦片贸易，解决财政危机。国共内战时期，鸦片已经作为重要经费来源。中共建政以后，初期通过英屬香港向世界出售鸦片与鸦片制品，获得外汇。1952年中华人民共和国中央人民政府全面禁毒后，在黑龙江生产建设兵团、新疆生产建设兵团的国营农场以“药用”为名种植罂粟，估计直到1980年代初终止大面积种植[5]，中国药用罂粟集中到甘肃省农垦集团公司种植[6][7]。



由于中國共產黨公开宣称禁止吸食鸦片，故在其内部资料中，一般以“特货”、“特产”、“土产”、“土货”、“土特产”、“肥皂”为等代称鸦片[1]，偶尔会因审核不严出现“鸦片”字样。一般可以根据代称货物的体积、价值、运输方式判断“土特产”、“特产”、“肥皂”是否为特货。



中共鸦片贸易主要是为了解决财政问题，一般实行比较严格的“对内禁止，对外销售”；但由于获利甚巨，也出现过较多的鸦片内销情况。



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特货贸易的意义



特货贸易主要是为了解决中共财政困难，对西北地方财政有决定性影响。如1949年年初西北财经办报告：“由于西北贫瘠，特货七、八年来向为西北支持财政，稳定金融，周转贸易的杠杆。一九四二年以来，凭藉着这种特种经营解决了财政经费的百分之七十上下，换入入口物资历年来供给了党政军百分之六十至八十以上，供给市场百分之四十至二十，银行外汇之绝大部分过去也依靠了它的出口换取，这些都相对地减轻了人民负担和支援了革命事业。在一九四八年，除华北援助之外，也还主要地是依靠它使我们渡过了财政困难的一年，如果现在忽尔停止了这种经营，则今后将用何种力量来周转贸易和支持金融，实为一很大困难问题”[41]。



共产党政权贩毒问题并非中共一家，朝鲜劳动党、越南共产党、缅甸共产党、哥伦比亚革命武装力量等共产党政权或武装，都在遇到财政困难时，将目光瞄准了毒品[42][43][44]。

Very interesting

ONE OF THE MANY BUSINESS THAT HAS EVIL AT ITS ROOTS! At the time that opium was ruining thousands and ruining China!

Soz 😂

The ancient clans and secret societies played a big role in this plot, even in today's time they still playing the lawyer game, human rights game where they drug up a guy then that same individual do crazy atrocities then they play hero saying victim shi were all victims but the money ol' sweet money goes to them lip tarts 🙂‍↔️

I am convinced that the Americans and the French were in Vietnam for the same reason.

I suppose it makes a change that something done by Scots that is deemed British in a negative sense, normally it is when we Scots triumph that we are called British. Very unusual & quite funny. Alba gu bràth (Scotland forever)

We Scots were massive in empire & disproportionately, we are only 9% of the the island of Britain. That said, the English get the blame & deservedly so for teaching the world wrongly, that Britain is England. England was never Britain & never will be, whatever their schools & their media push out.

Can you make a video about the boxer rebellion of xina? I want to hear history only from your channel . Thank you for all the efforts .

Turned out the United Kingdom was possible only because British East India Company allows the reluctant Scots/Irishman to sell drugs in India and China.

This guy is hundreds of Pablo Escobar combined...

And today, UK trade balance with China is -US$ 42billion (UK's deficit).

China is paying us back with fentenyl. Think about it. 😕

The UK is the reason why Hong Kong become success! After the war, China planted opium themselves.

Every segment is carefully designed to be different. Stealing is fatally flawed

I also upload the Opium war video as a Chinese!

Perfect video. Great that you consistently referred to them as drug lords

So dirk struan is based on a real guy? Pretty rad.

It is no wonder that China created & is manufacturing Fentanyl , which is more powerful & deadly than opium, & which it distributes to Western nations, to destroy those countries in similar fashion to what happened to China. "We reap what we sow" [a quote from the Bible]

Thank´s; very clear!

The British were drug traffickers using opium to steal Chinese land

Wholly immoral is the best description of the Empire

Canton is traditionally pronounced can-ton, with 'ton' rhyming with 'on', not like Boston.

You can't blame China if they want to take revenge on these western weasels, the rest of the world should stand with them.

And they get upset about Pablo and "His" friend 's being so uncivilized... Lol sorry I'm one of those uncivilized Americans, and do understand

China understands the harm the West has done to it in the past..and they will not let it happen again...at all costs!!!!

This was known as the opium, silver and tea triangle. Opium was legal then. The Chinese would only sell tea for silver ‘tales’ (like a fat horseshoe). The only way to obtain silver was through the sale of opium, hence the triangle. Opium was no more illegal then than paracetamol is today

Shameful period in British history

Jadeen gives me petyr baelish chaos is a laddee

Honorouabel East India? 2:55 more infamous, or?

Very great job on the animations! wish i had that when i was in school learning about opium war.!
Thank you for making this video!





one little thing, LIN did not destroy the opium with bonfire as it would create smoke that gets people high.
He used a scientific way to dissolve the opium by digging holes and mixing in Bittern (salt) and lime to neutralize .

Victoria was getting at least 20%

Honourable EIC 😂😂… it can be called be as a successful or juggernaut company but never an honourable one ..

I found this video really interesting. I was listening and watching it while being absorbed.
I learned about the Opium wars last year. It was quite a shock to learn of the real mastermind that involved one man named Jardine. He and Matheson worked together starting a big drug company and colony in Hong Kong. I remember hearing Bruce Lee say that the British occupy Hong Kong. It was really shocking to hear for the first time that there's a company still in Hong Kong that was named after those drug lords. So their descendants still continued to operate under their name.
I've learned about how the English wanted to keep taking goods from China like Tea, Porcelain, and Silk. How they tried to substitute silver with Opium from India to sneak and steal from the Chinese. I wonder how come Queen Victoria didn't reply back to Commissioner Lin. I remember reading about the English demolished the Chinese Boats what they called "War Junk" using the Nemesis. I think there were many parts of the Opium wars that weren't accounted for like how the Chinese were taken as slaves; the number of deaths were unaccounted. There were many parts of English colonial history that tends to be unaccounted and covered up.

absolutely mind blowing

The Brits are the enemies of mankind

12:00 China: Put an end to it by any means necessary

Well I think we all know where THAT is headed.

And now the Chinese are getting even by shipping bulk fentanyl to our ports

I didn't know that their corporation still existed today. That's such a slap in the face to the Chinese

Scorsese has got to make a movie about this guy.

So, this evil Narco is father of Hong Kong…