Middle East and oil power - global energy politics

Video Overview & Insights

The Middle East remains the epicenter of global energy politics, as it possesses nearly half of the world’s proven oil reserves and plays a decisive role in shaping international power dynamics. Since the discovery of vast petroleum fields in the early 20th century, oil has transformed the region into both a source of immense wealth and a focal point of geopolitical competition, attracting the strategic attention of global powers such as the United States, Russia, and increasingly China. Control over oil resources has not only financed rapid modernization in countries like Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar but has also fueled internal rivalries, sectarian conflicts, and proxy wars, as energy revenues often translate directly into political influence and military power. At the same time, the region’s dominance over the Strait of Hormuz and other key chokepoints gives it unparalleled leverage over global energy markets, making stability in the Middle East a central concern for the entire international system.

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